Last saved by: David Auston

APES Pre-Test Chapters 9 and 14

Multiple Choice
Identify the choice that best completes the statement or answers the question.

____	1.	Migratory behavior of salmon in the Pacific northwest was assisted by
a. | greater cutting of trees along the banks to promote warmer temperatures.
b. | cutting of new channels parallel to the rivers in which they can migrate.
c. | fish ladders.
d. | warmer temperatures.
e. | all of these answers are correct.

____	2.	As a result of an agreement reached in 2009, flow levels in the Klamath River will be
a. | decreased due to planting crops that require less water.
b. | decreased due to additional dams.
c. | increased due to improved irrigation technology and less water thirsty plants.
d. | unchanged over time because fishermen, farmers, and power plant managers will never put the environment ahead of their personal needs.
e. | decreased because the residents continue to fight for their individual needs regardless of the needs of the salmon.

____	3.	The following are characteristics of confined aquifers:
I. They are polluted more easily than unconfined aquifers.
II. They are recharged directly overhead from waters falling at the surface.
III. They are surrounded by layers of impermeable rock. 
IV. They may contain water that is 10-20,000 years old .
a. | III only
b. | I and II only
c. | II and III only
d. | I, II, III, IV
e. | III and IV

____	4.	The water table is
a. | where water under pressure rises.
b. | where streams and lakes intersect.
c. | synonymous with groundwater.
d. | anywhere water is visible on the surface.
e. | the uppermost level at which water fully saturates rock or soil.

____	5.	Oligotrophic lakes
a. | are synonymous with eutrophic lakes.
b. | are polluted by nitrogen and phosphorous.
c. | have low productivity due to low amounts of nutrients.
d. | are the result of flooding.
e. | contain many fish because they are free of pollutants.

____	6.	Levees do which of the following? 
I. prevent flooding
II. cause flooding downstream
III. prevent deposition of sediment on floodplains
a. | III only.
b. | II only.
c. | I only.
d. | II and III.
e. | I, II, and III.

____	7.	The reason that Hurricane Katrina was so devastating to the city of New Orleans, LA, is that
a. | floodplains were heavily developed.
b. | water overtopped the levees.
c. | the dikes broke.
d. | levees were not built on time.
e. | both a and b.

____	8.	The effects of seasonal flood prevention by dams are
a. | always helpful because they protect people from floods.
b. | always detrimental to animal migration.
c. | sometimes detrimental because natural pools and shorelines are altered.
d. | sometimes changed through intentional release of flood waters.
e. | both c and d.

____	9.	Aqueducts present problems in the areas in which they are located. This may be due to the following:
I. diversion from the natural river channel flow.
II. loss of water due to evaporation.
III. political problems due to location of water bodies.
a. | II only.
b. | I only.
c. | I, II, and III.
d. | I and II.
e. | III only.

____	10.	When water is diverted from rivers, environmental damage may result in the following way:
a. | in an estuary fed by the river, salinity increases as sea water is able to encroach.
b. | in an estuary fed by the river, salinity decreases as sea water is able to encroach.
c. | the quantity of lake waters fed by the river may decrease significantly.
d. | the salinity of lake waters fed by the river may decrease.
e. | a and c.

____	11.	Half of the amount of desalinated water is produced in ____.
a. | Singapore.
b. | the Middle East.
c. | Central America.
d. | South America.
e. | Asia.

____	12.	Furrow irrigation
a. | involves flooding an entire field.
b. | involves dripping water near the roots of a plant.
c. | requires stripping old crops from a field.
d. | involves digging trenches and filling them with water.
e. | Both c and d.

____	13.	Spray irrigation
a. | uses technology that looks like giant sprinklers.
b. | is 75-95% efficient.
c. | is valuable because it does not use much energy.
d. | is the least water intensive type of irrigation.
e. | both a and b.

____	14.	Hydroponic vegetables
a. | require a great deal of soil.
b. | are not grown at times that the specific vegetable is out of season.
c. | require a great deal of water.
d. | are grown in conditions that are much more water efficient than traditional types of irrigation.
e. | Both a and d.

____	15.	Gray water may come from
a. | flushing toilets.
b. | Baths, showers, sinks, and washing machines.
c. | dishwashers.
d. | washing cars.
e. | All of these are correct.

____	16.	A direct environmental benefit resulting from the Chesapeake Bay Action Plan was
a. | goals to limit the impact of dangerous compounds entering the watershed of the bay
b. | a 60% increase in the population of blue crabs in one year
c. | the money saved by reducing the amount of nitrogen and phosphorous compounds by agricultural sources.
d. | the partnership among states that share land around the bay
e. | the state governors' goals for their individual waterfronts

____	17.	Which of the following are types of wastewater?
I. Sewage water from toilets
II. Water from showering and bathing 
III. Water from washing clothes
a. | II only
b. | III only
c. | I, II, and III
d. | I only
e. | I and II only

____	18.	The BOD measurement of a liter of healthy water was found to be 20 mg. The BOD measurement of a liter of more polluted water was 120 mg. Which of the following statements is correct?
a. | the polluted water produced 6 times as much oxygen as the healthy water.
b. | the polluted water consumed 6 times as much oxygen as the healthy water.
c. | the healthy water produced 6 times as much oxygen as the polluted water.
d. | the healthy water consumed 6 times as much oxygen as the polluted water.
e. | None of these answers are correct.

____	19.	A man-made pond constructed to hold animal waste is called a
a. | sewage treatment plant
b. | feed lot
c. | leach field
d. | septic tank
e. | manure lagoon

____	20.	The most prevalent way to treat human waste in rural areas where a large amount of land is available is
a. | septic systems
b. | collective ponds
c. | manure lagoons
d. | stormwater drainage systems
e. | sewage treatment plants

____	21.	Primary treatment in a sewage treatment plant is designed to
a. | recycle water
b. | remove solids from wastewater
c. | move water from municipalities to the plant
d. | create sludge for use as fertilizer
e. | remove pathogens from wastewater

____	22.	An important environmental safety feature of manure lagoons is
a. | a secondary treatment to remove antibiotics
b. | a liner to prevent leakage into groundwater
c. | a ledge for the cattle to walk on
d. | the use of disinfectants to treat manure
e. | an adequate water supply

____	23.	What pollutant is often released during the manufacturing of cement?
a. | sulfates
b. | arsenic
c. | phosphates
d. | mercury
e. | lead

____	24.	A heavy metal associated with the burning of coal is
a. | Lead
b. | Sulfur
c. | Uranium
d. | Carbon
e. | Mercury

____	25.	Mercury is especially dangerous to the general public due to
a. | its accumulation as it moves up the aquatic food chain
b. | it occurring naturally in bedrock
c. | its effect on the respiratory system of infants
d. | the lack of regulation against emissions in the United States
e. | the incineration of household waste

____	26.	The resulting acid deposition from SO_2 emissions can occur as
a. | acidic snow
b. | acidic rain
c. | dry-acid deposition
d. | a and b only
e. | all of the above are forms of acid deposition

____	27.	What substance is believed to be responsible for the development of eggs in the testes of some male fish?
a. | PCBs
b. | PBDEs
c. | DDT
d. | Perchlorates
e. | Reproductive hormones

____	28.	Possible sources of petroleum in the ocean waters include all of the following EXCEPT
a. | naturally occurring plumes from oceanic trenches
b. | oil tanker transportation
c. | tanker or platform accidents
d. | natural seeps from the ocean floor
e. | oil platform leaks

____	29.	Methods used to remove spilled oil from the surface of the ocean include
I. containment boom and oil vacuums
II. chemical dispersants
III. large screens
a. | I, II, and III
b. | II only
c. | I only
d. | I and III only
e. | I and II only

____	30.	Using water for industrial processes within a closed system, where the hot water is cooled in a tower and then recycled for heating again, reduces
a. | the effects of sedimentation
b. | noise pollution by containing the movement of the water
c. | the need for cogeneration
d. | the ambient temperature of the local area
e. | thermal pollution by not releasing heated water into nature

____	31.	The United States legislation that empowers the EPA to establish maximum contaminant levels in drinking water is
a. | The Clean Air Act
b. | The Safe Drinking Water Act
c. | The MCL Act
d. | The Superfund Act
e. | The Clean Water Act

____	32.	A “green” wastewater treatment process includes all of the following EXCEPT
a. | the use of microbes and algae
b. | an on-property wetland
c. | the use of pipes to move water
d. | the use of holding tanks
e. | the use of chemicals to remove harmful bacteria